Evitación experiencial en la crianza en cuidadores de niños con TEA
Fecha
2024-10
Autores
Terrazas Domínguez, Fabiola
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Editor
Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez
Resumen
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is known to be a neurodevelopmental disorder with certain
persistent deficiencies in social communication and interaction in various contexts, restrictive
and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. It is estimated that between 50% and
70% of the population of people with ASD are prone to development-related irregularities.
For caregivers, this implies different consequences on an emotional level, starting with events
considered critical during the diagnosis and drastic changes in lifestyle. Failure to treat the
psychoemotional condition of caregivers can generate internal difficulties that make it
impossible for them to parent appropriately, which generates in the individual a need to evade
the situation, which is known as experiential avoidance in parenting.
For this, an intervention was carried out with the objective of establishing the effect of an
intervention program based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy aimed at reducing
experiential avoidance in parenting. It is concluded that the intervention from the Acceptance
and Commitment Therapy model for caregivers of minors with autism by Lozano-Segura et al
(2017) was adapted and applied successfully in the Mexican population and a significant index
was found (z= -2.201, p= .028) in the decrease in experiential avoidance in parenting and a
statistically significant decrease in the experiential avoidance variable, (z=-2.394, p= .017).
Keywords: Experiential avoidance in parenting, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Autism
spectrum disorder, Parenting.
Descripción
El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo el cual se
presenta aproximadamente en 1 de cada 100 niños a nivel mundial (Organización mundial de la
salud, 2022). Si se compara con las cifras de los estadísticos de 2010, donde la incidencia era de
1 de cada 166, se puede observar una notable tendencia al aumento de casos. Además de que en
la actualidad es evidente que existe un aumento en la demanda de atención médica, psicológica y
nutricional para esta población (Ramírez, 2013). Hasta 2016 se corrobora que en México la
población de personas con TEA corresponde al 0.87%, es decir que al menos 1 de cada 115
niños en México está diagnosticado con TEA (Fombonne, 2016).
Palabras clave
Evitación experiencial en la crianza, Terapia de Aceptación, Compromiso, Trastorno del espectro autista, Crianza