Intervención cognitivo conductual para la reducción de síntomas depresivos en pacientes suicidas en relación post pandemia
Fecha
2025-05
Autores
Luna Espinoza, Liliana
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Editor
Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez
Resumen
Suicidal ideation refers to thoughts or desires related to ending one's life, which can range
from simple images to detailed planning. According to the post-COVID-19 pandemic context, this
event has gained importance due to the crises triggered by the health emergency. Various factors
that could trigger suicidal thoughts and attempts were the increase in mental disorders such as
anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress among others, these were seen in increases as a
consequence of prolonged isolation, economic uncertainty, the loss of family members and loved
ones. close ones or the psychological impact of the disease itself. Therefore, it is proposed to carry
out an intervention with the objective of establishing the effect of a program based on Cognitive
Behavioral Therapy aimed at reducing depressive symptoms in university students. A pilot test was
carried out with five participants with an average age of the sample of 22.2 years (SD=3.114),
where significant differences were found between the pretest and posttest.
Subsequently, due to the favorable result of the piloting, the intervention was carried out
with a total of nine participants, with the average age of the sample being 23.7 years (SD=2.8626).
It was found that the intervention program based on CBT had a positive effect, achieving a
decrease in depressive symptoms in the participants (z = -2.668, p = 0.008), with respect to suicidal
behavior, a decrease in ideation was obtained in the participants (z = -2.670, p = 0.008).
Descripción
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Introducción
De acuerdo con Altamirano, aproximadamente 800.000 individuos fallecen anualmente por
suicidio, lo cual es un problema mundial que afecta a todas las regiones del planeta. Aunado a
trastornos mentales, se encontraron otros factores de riesgo para el suicidio, como la percepción y
sensación de soledad y aislamiento, que se ha incrementado por el confinamiento causado por la
pandemia de COVID-19 (Altamirano et al., 2020).
Estudios indican que la pandemia por COVID-19 ha provocado un incremento significativo
en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes en comportamientos de riesgo suicida debido a las condiciones
propias del confinamiento, afectando de una manera negativa las habilidades socioemocionales de
las personas. De acuerdo con la revisión teórica de Van Orden y colaboradores (2010),el conflicto
familiar, el desempleo, y las enfermedades son tres de los factores de riesgo con mayor asociación
al suicidio, siendo los tres resultados de la pandemia. Por tal motivo, y ante tal incremento de casos
surge la necesidad de la realización del presente estudio.
Palabras clave
depresión, ideación suicida, terapia cognitivo conductual, pandemia, adultos jóvenes